There has been no accountability for potential war crimes committed during the Gaza war between Hamas and Israel, nor for the disproportionate and deadly use of force by Israeli forces in response to protests along the Gaza border during Israel, the Hamas de-facto administration and the Palestinian Authority are all obligated to uphold their responsibility to protect. Between May the UNSC made three attempts to condemn the latest war and call for a ceasefire, but the United States blocked each effort.
On 4 March the Office of the Prosecutor officially opened its investigation. The ICC should investigate all potential war crimes or crimes against humanity committed during the most recent armed conflict. Israel must lift the blockade on Gaza, cease illegal settlement-related activity and apartheid policies, and end the collective punishment of Palestinians.
All parties to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict must work towards a sustainable political solution consistent with international law and various UNSC resolutions. States with strong political and economic ties to Israel, the Palestinian Authority or Hamas, should push for a lasting political solution to the conflict, accountability for war crimes and crimes against humanity, and the protection of human rights for all civilians in Israel and the OPT, regardless of ethnicity or religion.
Sign up for our newsletter and stay up to date on R2P news and alerts. Our Work. Populations At Risk. International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect. R2P Resources. Almost immediately, neighboring Arab armies moved in to prevent the establishment of the Israeli state. By the war's end in July , Israel controlled more than two-thirds of the former British Mandate, while Jordan took control of the West Bank and Egypt took control of the Gaza Strip.
The conflict opened a new chapter in the struggle between Jews and Palestinian Arabs, which now became a regional contest involving nation-states and a tangle of diplomatic, political and economic interests. The Six-Day War was triggered during a volatile period of diplomatic friction and skirmishes between Israel and its neighbors.
In April , the clashes worsened after Israel and Syria fought a ferocious air and artillery engagement in which six Syrian fighter jets were destroyed. In the wake of the April air battle, the Soviet Union provided Egypt with intelligence that Israel was moving troops to its northern border with Syria in preparation for a full-scale invasion.
The information was inaccurate, but it nevertheless stirred Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser to advance forces into the Sinai Peninsula, where they expelled a United Nations peacekeeping force that had been guarding the border with Israel for over a decade. Israel Defense Forces then launched a preemptive aerial attack against Egypt on June 5, Both nations claimed that they were acting in self-defense in the ensuing conflict, which ended on June 10 and also drew in Jordan and Syria, who sided with Egypt.
The Six-Day War , as it came to be called, resulted in major land gains for Israel. The outcome of the Arab-Israeli War would lead to continued tension and armed conflict between Israel and its neighbors over the coming decades.
In , the First Intifada broke broke out, a boiling over of Palestinian anger over ongoing Israeli occupation of Gaza and the West Bank. Palestinian militia groups revolted, and hundreds of people were killed. A subsequent peace process, known as the Oslo Peace Accords, was initiated during the early s in a multilateral attempt to end the ongoing violence. Arafat returned to Gaza in after being exiled for 27 years. He headed up the newly-formed Palestinian Authority.
In , Oslo II laid the groundwork for a complete withdrawal of Israeli troops from parts of the West Bank and other areas. It also set a schedule for Palestinian Legislative Council elections. Unfortunately, the Oslo Accords failed in their ultimate goal of bringing Israel and the Palestinians to agree over a full-fledged peace plan. In September , the Second Palestinian Intifada began.
Many Palestinians felt this was an offensive move, and they protested. Riots, suicide bombings and other attacks subsequently broke out, putting an end to the once-promising peace process. This period of violence between Palestinians and Israelis lasted nearly five years. That same year, fighting between Hamas and Fatah, the political group that controlled the PLO, ensued.
In , Hamas defeated Fatah in a battle for Gaza. Many countries consider Hamas to be a terrorist organization. The group has carried out suicide bombings and repeatedly called for the destruction of Israel. In April , Hamas and Fatah agreed to a deal that would form a unified national Palestinian government. Although Palestinians occupy key areas of land, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, some Israelis, with their government's blessing, continue to settle in areas that are generally agreed to be under Palestinian control.
A substantial proportion of Israelis also oppose the settlements and would prefer to find peaceful ways to resolve their land disputes with the Palestinians. In May , leaders of Hamas presented a document that proposed the formation of a Palestinian state using the defined borders, with Jerusalem as its capital.
However, the group refused to recognize Israel as a state, and the Israeli government promptly rejected the plan. PLO leadership moves to Tunisia, where it remains until it moves to Gaza in Hijackers kill elderly American wheelchair user Leon Klinghoffer. Muslim Brotherhood in Gaza forms the Hamas movement, which rapidly turns to violence against Israel. Violence by various Palestinian groups that reject the Oslo Declaration continues.
Progress towards self-rule. Palestinian protests escalate into new Intifada. Yasser Arafat is unable to leave his government compound. Barrier goes up. The route of the barrier is controversial as it frequently deviates from the pre ceasefire line into the West Bank.
Succeeded by Fatah veteran Ahmed Qurei. Hamas wins elections. Struggle for primacy with Fatah begins. United States and European Union suspend aid, and Israel ends tax transfers, because of Hamas's refusal to recognise Israel, renounce violence and accept previous peace accords. Major clashes between Israel and Hamas forces in Gaza follow. Israel imposes restrictions on Gaza. Various Arab states and Palestinian groups seek to mediate between them in coming months in order to avert civil war.
Hamas ousts Fatah from Gaza and reinforces its control of the territory. Israel tightens blockade after increase in rocket attacks from Gaza; Egypt closes border with Gaza.
Mahmoud Abbas appoints Salam Fayyad as prime minister, but Hamas refuses to recognise him. Two rival governments in West Bank and Gaza emerge. US and European Union resume aid to the Fayyad government.
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