Reflection which supported Introspection only, modification was not possible at runtime. J2SE 1. Some additions were included to this version. HotSpot JVM included. Synthetic proxy classes. Improved libraries. Perl regular expressions included. Provided exception chaining It allows an exception to encapsulate original lower-level exception. IPv6 support Internet Protocol version 6.
Support and security updates for Java 1. J2SE 5. Used Metadata or annotations. Enhanced for each loop. Improved semantics of execution for multi-threaded Java programs. Static imports. There were also some improvements in standard libraries: Automatic stub generation for RMI objects. Swing: It provided a skinny look and feel. The concurrency utilities in package java. Scanner class for parsing data from various input streams and buffers. Dropped the support for older Win9x versions.
Scripting Language Support. Generic API for tight integration with scripting languages. Improved Web Service support. JDBC 4. After the release of Java 6, Sun released many updates to fix bugs. JVM support for dynamic languages. Compressed bits pointer. Strings added in switch. Automatic resource management in try-statement.
Underscores allowed in numeric literals. Binary integer literals. Improved type interface for creating generic instance. It was the default version to download on java. Language-level support for Lambda expressions. Allowed developers to embed JavaScript code within applications. Annotation of Java Types.
Repeating Annotations. To get started inspecting your Compose layout, select the layout component visible in the rendering or select it from the Component Tree. The Attributes window shows you detailed information about the Compose function currently selected. In this window, you can inspect the function's parameters and their values, including modifiers and lambda expressions. For lambda expressions, the inspector provides a shortcut to help you navigate to the expression in your source code.
The Layout Inspector shows all Compose functions in the call stack that emit components to your app's layout. In many cases, this includes Compose functions that are called internally by the Compose Library. If you want to see only the Compose functions in the Component Tree that your app calls directly, click the filter action, which might help reduce the number of nodes shown in the tree to the ones you are likely to want to inspect.
The device dropdown now distinguishes between different kinds of errors within your chosen device configuration. Iconography and stylistic changes now differentiate between errors device selections that result in a broken configuration and warnings device selections that may result in unexpected behavior but are still runnable.
In addition, Android Studio will now warn you if you attempt to launch your project to a device that has an error or a warning associated with it.
The new Wear OS pairing assistant guides developers step-by-step through pairing Wear OS emulators with physical or virtual phones directly in Android Studio. The assistant can help you get the right Wear OS Companion app installed on your phone and set up a connection between the two devices. Android Studio Arctic Fox now includes a new layout template that adapts to various display dimensions and app resizing, such as phones, foldables, tablets, and split screen modes.
When creating a new project or module, select the Responsive Activity template to create a layout with components that dynamically resize. We have integrated Android Accessibility Test Framework in Android Studio to help you find accessibility issues in your layouts. The tool reports accessibility related issues and offers suggested fixes for some common problems i. To launch the panel, click on the error report button in the Layout Editor.
Android Studio and Android Emulator now contain initial support for core developer workflows when running the Apple silicon arm64 hardware architecture, including corresponding emulator system images.
You may have to run Rosetta 2 on your machine to run some tools. This minor update includes various bug fixes. To see a list of notable bug fixes, read the related post on the Release Updates blog. This minor update bundles Kotlin plugin 1. In previous releases, JDK 8 was bundled with Studio. When using the new bundled JDK to run Gradle, this may result in some incompatibility or impact JVM performance due to changes to the garbage collector.
These issues are described in the AGP release notes. To improve Gradle Sync performance, Android Studio skips building the task list during sync. This allows Gradle Sync to complete faster and improves UI responsiveness for very large projects. This option is on by default in Android Studio 4. The Database Inspector includes some improvements to help you write and execute your custom SQL statements.
When you open the inspector and open a New query tab, you should notice a larger, resizable editor surface to author and format your queries, as shown below. Additionally, we now provide a history of your previous queries.
When you click on the Show query history button, you should see a list of queries you previously ran against the currently selected database. Click a query in the list to see a preview of the full query in the editor and press Enter to copy it to the editor.
Then, click Run to execute the statement. In previous versions of Android Studio, disconnecting from an app process while using the Database Inspector resulted in closing the inspector and its data. In Android Studio 4. When a disconnect occurs, the Database Inspector downloads your databases and then makes them available to you in offline mode.
When offline, you can open tables and run queries. Keep in mind, when you reconnect to a live app process, the Database Inspector returns to live mode and shows you only the data that is on the device. That is, data shown in offline mode doesn't persist when you reconnect to an app process. Because of this, the Database Inspector does not allow editing or running modification statements while in offline mode. In the CPU profiler, the System Trace feature now includes new metrics for analyzing app performance and includes the following:.
In the Display section, this new track shows the buffer count of the app's surface BufferQueue 0, 1, or 2 to help you understand the state of image buffers as they move between the Android graphics components. CPU Frequency. Process Memory RSS. This new window shows the amount of physical memory currently in use by the app.
Introduced in Android Studio 4. Pause live updates and refresh the screen capture in the Layout Inspector.
To manually load a snapshot of UI data from your app, first disable the Live updates option. You can then click the Refresh button to take a new snapshot of the UI stack for inspection.
The Layout Inspector now remembers your preference to keep Live updates enabled or disabled between sessions. Safe Args is a Gradle plugin that generates simple object and builder classes for type-safe navigation and access to any associated arguments. Android Studio now includes richer support when working with Safe Args, as described below:. Available in version 4.
Alternatively, you can download the standalone command-line tools package. For usage information, see R8 retrace in the user guide. To help streamline app testing across devices and API levels, you can now deploy your app to multiple devices or emulators simultaneously by following these steps:.
Android Gradle plugin 4. This new setting optimizes fusing of install-time modules with the base module, potentially improving app performance for some apps. For more information on this new setting, see the documentation for the dist:removable tag in the documentation for feature module manifest.
To help you be more productive as you iterate on your app, we've made the following enhancements to Apply Changes for devices running Android 11 or higher:. For devices running Android 11 or higher, you can now add static final primitive fields and then deploy those changes to your running app by clicking either Apply Code Changes or Apply Changes and Restart Activity. You can now also add resources and then deploy those changes to your running app on Android 11 devices by clicking Apply Changes and Restart Activity.
The New Project and New Module wizards have been updated to make it easier to browse, select a template, and input information about the new project or module. The option to Import. Android Studio 4. Check out the Kotlin 1. For more information, see Emulator Environment Variables. This section describes known issues that exist in Android Studio 4. For a complete list, go to the Known issues page. If you are using Android Studio 4. As a workaround, replace "1. Starting with version 4.
This update causes an underlying behavior change related to signing keys. Studio tries to import previous. To work around this issue, we recommend commenting out custom options in. If Studio still doesn't start after trying this workaround, see Studio doesn't start after upgrade below. Inspect, query, and modify your databases in your running app using the new Database Inspector. To learn more, see Debug your database with the Database Inspector.
You can now run the Android Emulator directly in Android Studio. Use this feature to conserve screen real estate, to navigate quickly between the emulator and the editor window using hotkeys, and to organize your IDE and emulator workflow in a single application window.
To learn more, see the Android Emulator documentation. ML Model Binding makes it easy for you to directly import. Android Studio generates easy-to-use classes so you can run your model with less code and better type safety. The current implementation of ML Model Binding supports image classification and style transfer models, provided they are enhanced with metadata.
Over time, support will be expanded to other problem domains, like object detection, image segmentation, and text classification. A wide range of pre-trained models with metadata are provided on TensorFlow Hub. To see the details for an imported model and get instructions on how to use it in your app, double-click the model file in your project to open the model viewer page, which shows the following:. As the example demonstrates, Android Studio creates a class called MobilenetVQuantized for interacting with the model.
If the model does not have metadata , this screen will only provide minimal information. This feature is still under development, so please provide feedback or report bugs. With the Native Memory Profiler, you can record memory allocations and deallocations from native code and inspect cumulative statistics about native objects. Support for profiling Android 11 devices is currently available in the 4.
As of the initial 4. This option will be enabled in an upcoming release. As a workaround, you can use the Perfetto standalone command-line profiler to capture startup profiles.
Box selection: In the Threads section, you can now drag your mouse to perform a box selection of a rectangular area, which you can zoom into by clicking the Zoom to Selection button on the top right or use the M keyboard shortcut. When you drag and drop similar threads next to each other, you can select across multiple threads to inspect all of them at once. For example, you may want to perform analysis on multiple worker threads. Summary tab: The new Summary tab in the Analysis panel displays:.
With the new standalone profilers, it's now possible to profile your app without running the full Android Studio IDE. For instructions on using the standalone profilers, see Run standalone profilers. Android Studio makes it easier to navigate between your Dagger-related code by providing new gutter actions and extending support in the Find Usages window.
New gutter actions: For projects that use Dagger, the IDE provides gutter actions that help you navigate between your Dagger-annotated code. For example, clicking on the gutter action next to a method that consumes a given type navigates you to the provider of that type. Conversely, clicking on the gutter action navigates you to where a type is used as a dependency. Find Usages node: When you invoke Find Usages on a provider of a given type, the Find window now includes a Dependency consumer s node that lists consumers of that type.
Conversely, invoking this action on a consumer of a Dagger-injected dependency, the Find window shows you the provider of that dependency.
Updates include:. Check out the 1. When creating a custom view for example, by extending the View or Button class , Android Studio now shows you a preview of your custom view. Use the dropdown menu in the toolbar to switch between multiple custom views, or click the buttons to wrap vertically or horizontally to the content.
When a crash or ANR occurs in native code, the system produces a stack trace, which is a snapshot of the sequence of nested functions called in your program up to the moment it crashed. These snapshots can help you to identify and fix any problems in the source, but they must first be symbolicated to translate the machine addresses back into human-readable function names.
The Play Console uses these debug symbols files to symbolicate your app's stack traces, making it easier to analyze crashes and ANRs. To learn how to upload debug symbols files, see Native crash support. To help you be more productive as you iterate on your app, we've made the following enhancements to Apply Changes for devices running Android 11 Developer Preview 3 or higher:. We've invested heavily in optimizing your iteration speed by developing a method to deploy and persist changes on a device without installing the application.
After an initial deploy, subsequent deploys to Android 11 devices using either Apply Code Changes or Apply Changes and Restart Activity are now significantly faster. To learn more about the difference between these two actions, see Apply Changes.
For devices running Android 11 Developer Preview 3 or higher, you can now add methods and then deploy those changes to your running app by clicking either Apply Code Changes or Apply Changes and Restart Activity. This minor update includes various bug fixes, as well as support for new default settings for Package visibility in Android For more information, see the release notes for Android Gradle plugin 4. To see a list of notable bug fixes for this release, read the related post on the Release Updates blog.
Important: After updating, you need to restart Android Studio to apply any memory settings migrated from an earlier version of the IDE. For more information, see the Known Issues page. The latest version of the Android Gradle plugin includes many updates, such as Java 8 desugaring for older versions of Android and feature-on-feature dependencies.
Additionally, Android Studio now includes new features to help you improve your build performance. When using Android Studio 4. To open the Build Analyzer window, proceed as follows:. The Build Analyzer window organizes possible build issues in a tree on the left. You can inspect and click on each issue to investigate its details in the panel on the right.
You can also get details on warnings by expanding the Warnings node. This means that you can now include standard language APIs that were available only in recent Android releases such as java. Note that you may also need to include the above code snippet in a library module 's build. The library module's instrumented tests use these language APIs either directly or through the library module or its dependencies.
You want to run lint on the library module in isolation. This is to help lint recognize valid usages of the language APIs and avoid reporting false warnings. In previous versions of the Android Gradle plugin, all feature modules could depend only on the app's base module. When using Android Gradle plugin 4.
That is, a :video feature can depend on the :camera feature, which depends on the base module, as shown in the figure below. Feature module :video depends on feature :camera , which depends on the base :app module. This means that when your app requests to download a feature module, the app also downloads other feature modules it depends on.
For example, the :video module declares a dependency on :camera as follows:. When building your app using Android Gradle plugin 4. When uploading your app, the Play Console inspects this metadata to provide you with the following benefits:. The data is compressed, encrypted by a Google Play signing key, and stored in the signing block of your release app. When used with Android Studio, certain IDE features, such as the Project Structure dialog and build script quick fixes, now also support reading and writing to Kotlin build script files.
Based on your feedback, we've focused our efforts on improving the user experience in the CPU Profiler in two important ways. Some notable UI changes include the following:. This version of Android Studio includes updates to the design tools, such as the Layout Inspector and an all-new Motion Editor. Android Studio now includes a visual design editor for the MotionLayout layout type, making it easier to create and preview animations. The Motion Editor provides a simple interface for manipulating elements from the MotionLayout library that serves as the foundation for animation in Android apps.
In previous releases, creating and altering these elements required manually editing constraints in XML resource files. Now, the Motion Editor can generate this XML for you, with support for start and end states, keyframes, transitions, and timelines.
To learn more about how to use the Motion Editor, see the user guide. Along with many of the same features of the existing Layout Inspector, the Live Layout Inspector also includes:.
You can use the Live Layout Inspector only when deploying your app to a device or emulator running API level 29 or higher. Then click the checkbox next to Live updates above the Layout Display. Layout Validation is a visual tool for simultaneously previewing layouts on different devices and configurations, helping you detect layout errors and create more accessible apps.
You can access this feature by clicking on the Layout Validation tab in the top-right corner of the IDE window:. In the Layout Validation window, you can select from four different configuration sets, including:. Android Studio now provides smart editor features when you open code shrinker rules files for R8, such as syntax highlighting, code completion, and error checking.
The editor also integrates with your Android Studio project to provide full symbol completion for all classes, methods, and fields, and includes quick navigation and refactoring. Android Studio now includes Android live templates for your Kotlin classes. For example, you can now type toast and press the Tab key to quickly insert a Toast. To learn more about developing for Android 11, see the Android 11 documentation. The value for ndk. To learn more about the improvements from other IntelliJ versions that are included cumulatively with version We'd also like to thank all of our community contributors who have helped with this release.
This version of Android Studio includes updates to several design tools, including the Layout Editor and Resource Manager. Design editors, such as the Layout Editor and Navigation Editor, now provide a Split view that enables you to see both the Design and Code views of your UI at the same time.
In the top-right corner of the editor window, there are now three buttons for toggling between viewing options:. The controls for zooming and panning within design editors have moved to a floating panel in the bottom-right corner of the editor window.
To help you quickly update color resource values in your app when you're using the color picker in your XML or the design tools, the IDE now populates color resource values for you. The latest version of the Android Gradle plugin includes many updates, including optimizations for build speed, support for the Maven publishing plugin, and support for View Binding.
To learn more, read the full release notes. View binding allows you to more easily write code that interacts with views by generating a binding class for each XML layout file. These classes contain direct references to all views that have an ID in the corresponding layout.
Because it replaces findViewById , view binding eliminates the risk of null pointer exceptions resulting from an invalid view ID. To enable view binding, you need to use Android Gradle plugin 3. You can now add a class and then deploy that code change to your running app by clicking either Apply Code Changes or Apply Changes and Restart Activity.
You can now instant-enable your base module at any time after creating your app project as follows:. To learn more, read Overview of Google Play Instant. Automatically create a stub implementation function for a JNI declaration. Unused native implementation functions are highlighted as a warning in the source code. JNI declarations with missing implementations are also highlighted as an error.
When you rename refactor a native implementation function, all corresponding JNI declarations are updated. Rename a JNI declaration to update the native implementation function. The code editor in Android Studio now supports a more seamless JNI development workflow, including improved type hints, auto-completion, inspections, and code refactoring.
Android Studio detects changes in the APK and gives you the option to re-import it. When analyzing a heap dump in the Memory Profiler, you can now filter profiling data that Android Studio thinks might indicate memory leaks for Activity and Fragment instances in your app.
To use this feature, first capture a heap dump or import a heap dump file into Android Studio. Filtering a heap dump for memory leaks. Android Studio 3. Android Emulator When you open the Emulators Extended controls , options in the Location tab are now organized under two tabs: Single points and Routes.
In the Single points tab, you can use the Google Maps webview to search for points of interest, just as you would when using Google Maps on a phone or browser. When you search for or click on a location in the map, you can save the location by selecting Save point near the bottom of the map. All of your saved locations are listed on the right side of the Extended controls window. To set the Emulators location to the location you have selected on the map, click the Set location button near the bottom right of the Extended controls window.
Similar to the Single points tab, the Routes tab provides a Google Maps webview that you can use to create a route between two or more locations. To create and save a route, do the following:.
To simulate the Emulator following the route you saved, select the route from the list of Saved routes and click Play route near the bottom right of the Extended controls window. To stop the simulation, click Stop route. To continuously simulate the Emulator following the specified route, enable the switch next to Repeat playback.
To change how quickly the Emulator follows the specified route, select an option from the Playback speed dropdown. The Android Emulator now allows you to deploy your app to multiple displays, which support customizable dimensions and can help you test apps that support multi-window and multi-display. While a virtual device is running, you can add up to two additional displays as follows:.
Click Apply changes to add the specified display s to the running virtual device. When you create a new project using Android Studio, you can now select from three templates from the Automotive tab in the Create New Project wizard: No Activity , Media service , and Messaging service.
The Create New Module wizard then guides you through creating a new module using one of the Android Automotive project templates. When downloading SDK components and tools using the SDK Manager, Android Studio now allows you to resume downloads that were interrupted for example, due to a network issue instead of restarting the download from the beginning.
This enhancement is especially helpful for large downloads, such as the Android Emulator or system images, when internet connectivity is unreliable. In addition, if you have an SDK download task running in the background, you can now pause or resume the download using the controls in the status bar. A background download task in the status bar with new controls that let you pause or resume the download.
The Windows bit version of Android Studio will no longer receive updates after December , and it will no longer receive support after December You can continue to use Android Studio.
However, to receive additional updates, upgrade your workstation to a bit version of Windows. To learn more, read the Windows bit depreciation blog. For large projects, retrieving the task list could cause slow sync times. When you enable this option, Android Studio skips building the task list during sync, which allows Gradle Sync to complete faster and improves UI responsiveness. Keep in mind, when the IDE skips building the task list, the task lists in the Gradle panel are empty, and task name auto-completion in build files does not work.
Then, near the top of the Gradle window, click Toggle Offline Mode. Thank you to all of our community contributors who have helped us discover bugs and other ways to improve Android Studio 3. In particular, we'd like to thank the following people who reported bugs:. Beginning with the release of Android Studio 3. For information about these and other Project Marble updates, read the Android Developers blog post or the sections below. We also want to thank all of our community contributors who have helped with this release.
This minor update includes various bug fixes and performance improvements. This section describes the changes in Android Studio 3. Android Studio now notifies you if it detects that you could improve performance by increasing the maximum amount of RAM that your OS should allocate for Android Studio processes, such as the core IDE, Gradle daemon, and Kotlin daemon. To learn more, see Maximum heap size. A notification about recommended memory settings. And then learn, from a guide like this, what additional features came in Java and use them whenever you can.
But as a rule of thumb: The older, longer release-cycles years, up until Java 8 meant a lot of new features per release. The 6-month release cycle means a lot less features, per release, so you can catch up quickly on Java language features.
Historically, you downloaded just a JRE if you were only interested in running Java programs. To develop new Java programs, you needed to download a JDK. With Java 9 that distinction was basically gone, and you are always downloading a JDK.
So, even though some distributions see Java Distributions section still offer a separate JRE download, there seems to be the trend of offering just a JDK. Hence, we are going to use Java and JDK interchangeably from now on. Ignore the Java-Docker images,. In the end, Java is just a. To verify you installed Java correctly, you can then simply run 'java -version'.
If the output looks like the one below, you are good to go. Which brings us to the topic of distributions. This section will shed some light on this. This is just source code however, not a distributable build think: your.
In theory, you and I could produce a build from that source code, call it, say, MarcoJDK and start distributing it. But our distribution would lack certification, to be able to legally call ourselves Java SE compatible. And while vendors cannot, say, remove a method from the String class before producing a new Java build, they can add branding yay! CLI utilities they deem useful. But other than that, the original source code is the same for all Java distributions.
One of the vendors who builds Java from source is Oracle. This leads to two different Java distributions , which can be very confusing at first. OpenJDK builds by Oracle! OracleJDK , which is a branded, commercial build starting with the license change in Which means it can be used for free during development, but you need to pay Oracle if using it in production. For this, you get longer support, i. But as of today, both versions are essentially the same, with minor differences.
It then boils down to you wanting paid, commercial support a telephone number for your installed Java version. But make sure to check out the individual websites to learn about the advantages of each single distribution. Rafael Winterhalter compiled a great list of all available OpenJDK builds, including their OS, architecture, licensing, support and maintenance windows.
To re-iterate from the beginning, in , unless you have very specific requirements, go get your jdk. The same goes for all other Java versions in between. Which in turns means that all language features from Java 8 serve as very good Java base knowledge and everything else Java is pretty much additional features on top of that baseline. Java 8 was a massive release and you can find a list of all features at the Oracle website. Before Java 8, whenever you wanted to instantiate, for example, a new Runnable, you had to write an anonymous inner class like so:.
You also got method references, repeating annotations, default methods for interfaces and a few other language features. A quick example:. Obviously, I can only give a quick overview of each newly added Stream, Lambda or Optional method in Java 8 in the scope of this guide. If you want a more detailed, thorough overview - including exercises - you can have a look at my Java 8 core features course. And a couple of other improvements, like an improved try-with-resources statement or diamond operator extensions.
Java 9 brought the initial preview version of a new HttpClient. With Java 9, Java got its own, modern client - although in preview mode, which means subject to change in later Java versions. It is not in the scope of this guide to go into full detail on Jigsaw, but have a look at the previous links to learn more. Java 10, for example. Again, this is just a quick overview of Java 9 features and if you want more thorough explanations and exercises, have a look at the Java 9 core features course.
There have been a few changes to Java 10, like Garbage Collection etc. But the only real change you as a developer will likely see is the introduction of the "var"-keyword, also called local-variable type inference.
It is still strongly typed, though, and only applies to variables inside methods thanks, dpash , for pointing that out again.
0コメント