The two most common types of lymphoma are non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Lymphoma is characterized by enlarged lymph nodes and may also affect organs, such as the liver, lungs and stomach.
Symptoms of lymphoma may share similar characteristics with other illnesses, such as a cold or the flu. If you experience symptoms that do not go away after more than two weeks or are recurring, consult your doctor.
The lymphoma stage describes the extent to which the cancer has spread, and is categorized a numbering system stage 1 through 4 and may also include the letters A, B, E and S to help further describe the cancer, based on whether the patient is experiencing specific symptoms.
A and B: The letter A means that a person has not experienced B symptoms. The letter B indicates the person has experienced one or more of the following B symptoms: drenching night sweats, unexplained fever or sudden weight loss. E and S: The letter E indicates the disease has spread to tissues or organs outside the lymphatic system.
The letter S describes cancer that has spread to the spleen. The diagram shows these in the neck, but they can be anywhere in the body, either above or below the diaphragm the sheet of muscle separating your chest from your tummy. Stage 1E lymphoma means that the lymphoma started in a single body organ outside the lymphatic system and is only in that organ. This is called extranodal lymphoma. Stage 2: Two or more groups of lymph nodes affected, all on the same side of the diaphragm either above or below.
Stage 2 means there is lymphoma in two or more groups of lymph nodes. These can be anywhere in the body, but to be diagnosed with stage 2 lymphoma, they must all be on the same side of the diaphragm.
Stage 2E extranodal lymphoma means the lymphoma started in one body organ not in the lymphatic system and is also in one or more groups of lymph nodes. These must all be on the same side of the diaphragm. Stage 3: Lymph nodes affected on both sides of the diaphragm. Stage 3 means that there are lymph nodes that contain lymphoma on both sides of the diaphragm.
Stage 4: Lymphoma either in organs outside the lymphatic system or in the bone marrow. Stage 4 is the most advanced stage of lymphoma. Lymphoma started in the lymph nodes and has spread to at least one body organ outside the lymphatic system for example, the lungs, liver, bone marrow or solid bones. The spleen and the thymus are part of the lymphatic system, so lymphoma in those organs only does not count as stage 4. However if you have had at least one B symptom, then you have stage 2B lymphoma.
It means that the lymphoma started in a body organ that is not part of the lymphatic system , for example, in the digestive system or in the salivary glands. The spleen and the thymus are body organs that are part of the lymphatic system. Lymphoma that is in these organs is not regarded as extranodal. For example, 1S is stage 1 lymphoma that is only in the spleen. Occasionally, you may see a number in brackets or a smaller font next to your stage, for example stage 2 2 or 2 2.
This second number tells you how many groups of lymph nodes contain lymphoma. For example, stage 2 2 means stage 2 lymphoma with lymphoma cells in two groups of lymph nodes. Lymphoma in children and young people does not always behave the same way as lymphoma in adults. Questions about cancer? Call freephone 9 to 5 Monday to Friday or email us.
Skip to main content. Home About cancer Hodgkin lymphoma Stages of Hodgkin lymphoma. How doctors work out your stage Doctors look at whether the lymphoma is on one side, or both sides of the diaphragm. The diaphragm The diaphragm pronounced dia-fram is the big breathing muscle that separates the chest from the tummy abdominal area. Doctors use the diaphragm as a guide because it is about halfway down the body.
Inside or outside of the lymphatic system Doctors look at whether the lymphoma is affecting: the nodes and organs of the lymphatic system — these are called lymphatic sites areas outside of the lymphatic sites — called extranodal or extralymphatic sites Lymphatic sites include a group of lymph nodes or an organ of the lymphatic system, such as the thymus or spleen.
Extranodal sites include the lungs, liver, blood, bone marrow, kidneys, brain and spinal cord. People with B symptoms may need more treatment than those without them.
Bulky disease This means you have either: a lymph node that is 10cm or more lymphoma in the centre of your chest mediastinum which is at least a third of the width of your chest Stage 1 This means that you have one of the following: lymphoma in a single lymph node or one group of lymph nodes, or an organ of the lymphatic system such as the thymus lymphoma in an extranodal site 1E Below is an example of stage 1 lymphoma. Stage 2 This means one of the following: your lymphoma is in two or more groups of lymph nodes your lymphoma is in an extranodal site and one or more groups of lymph nodes 2E In both cases, the 2 sites of lymphoma are on the same side of the diaphragm.
Below is an example of stage 2. Stage 3 This means that you have lymphoma on both sides of the diaphragm. Stage 4 Stage 4 means one of the following: your lymphoma is in an extranodal site and lymph nodes are affected your lymphoma is in more than one extranodal site, for example the liver, bones or lungs Below is an example of stage 4 lymphoma.
These stages made simple Your doctor may describe your lymphoma as being limited early or advanced stage. Limited stage Limited stage generally means you have stage 1 or stage 2A Hodgkin lymphoma. Advanced stage Advanced stage means you have stage 2B, 3 or stage 4 Hodgkin lymphoma.
Hodgkin lymphoma that comes back Hodgkin lymphoma that has come back after it has been treated is called recurrent disease. Related links.
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