What are common causes of spinal cord injury? What is level of injury? What is the difference between "complete" and "incomplete" injury? What do I need to know the difference between complete and incomplete? What is paralysis? What is tetraplegia? What is paralegia? What is the spine? At the top of the spine, at your neck, is the cervical C section. There are 7 vertebrae in this section.
Each vertebra is numbered top to bottom from C1 to C7. Below the cervical section is the thoracic T section. There are 12 vertebrae here. Each is numbered from T1 to T The lumbar L section follows. There are 5 vertebrae here. Each is numbered from L1 to L5. The next section is the Sacral S section. At the bottom of the spine, 3 to 5 vertebrae are fused together as one bone segment in the coccygeal Cx section.
Another diffuse system of nerves that controls involuntary functions, such as blood pressure and temperature regulation, are called the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
The spinal cord is about 18 inches long and extends from the base of the brain, down the middle of the back, to about the waist. The nerves that lie within the spinal cord are upper motor neurons UMNs , and their function is to carry the messages back and forth from the brain to the spinal nerves along the spinal tract. The spinal nerves that branch out from the spinal cord to the other parts of the body are called lower motor neurons LMNs. These spinal nerves exit and enter at each vertebral level and communicate with specific areas of the body.
The sensory portions of the LMN carry messages about sensation from the skin and other body parts and organs to the brain. The motor portions of the LMN send messages from the brain to the various body parts to initiate actions such as muscle movement. Find our more about the types of spinal cord injuries. There are four types of spinal cord injury : cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral. The spinal cord is surrounded by rings of bone called vertebra. These bones constitute the spinal column back bones.
In general, the higher in the spinal column the injury occurs, the more dysfunction a person will experience. The vertebra are named according to their location. The seven vertebra in the neck are called the cervical vertebra. The top vertebra is called C-1, the next is C-2, etc. Cervical spinal cord injuries usually cause loss of function in the arms and legs, resulting in quadriplegia and spinal cord paralysis.
The 12 vertebra in the chest are called the thoracic vertebra. The first thoracic vertebra, T-1, is the vertebra where the top rib attaches. Spinal cord injuries in the thoracic region usually affect the chest and the legs, resulting in paraplegia. The vertebra in the lower back between the thoracic vertebra, where the ribs attach, and the pelvis hip bone , are the lumbar vertebra.
The sacral vertebra run from the pelvis to the end of the spinal column. Injuries to the five lumbar vertebra L-1 thru L-5 and similarly to the five sacral vertebra S-1 thru S-5 generally result in some loss of function in the hips and legs. Learn more about the spinal cord injury levels and types.
Explore more about spinal cord injury levels and types. Spinal cord injuries are most often the result of vehicle accidents, which account for Other causes include acts of violence primarily gunshot wounds at Non-traumatic causes of spinal cord injury or paralysis may include cancer and osteoporosis, spinal tumors, multiple sclerosis, inflammation of the spinal cord, arthritis, spinal stenosis and blood loss. Explore the most common types and levels of spinal cord injuries.
Powered by. June 24, by: Dr. Luis M. What are the C1 and C2 vertebrae? Cervical spinal cord injury symptoms Patients who have injured any of their cervical vertebrae C1 to C7 inclusive can experience a variety of symptoms. These can include: - Inability to breathe independently without assistance C1 to C4 injuries. Treatment and rehabilitation Unfortunately, once the spinal cord becomes damaged there is no possible way to reverse it. Immediately after the accident, the primary concerns of a medical team would be: - To stabilize and secure the neck to prevent any further damage occurring.
Ability to speak is sometimes impaired or reduced. When all four limbs are affected, this is called tetraplegia or quadriplegia. Requires complete assistance with activities of daily living, such as eating, dressing, bathing, and getting in or out of bed May be able to use powered wheelchairs with special controls to move around on their own Will not be able to drive a car on their own Requires hour-a-day personal care Low-Cervical Nerves C5 — C8 Corresponding nerves control arms and hands.
A person with this level of injury may be able to breathe on their own and speak normally. C5 injury Person can raise his or her arms and bend elbows. Likely to have some or total paralysis of wrists, hands, trunk and legs Can speak and use diaphragm, but breathing will be weakened Will need assistance with most activities of daily living, but once in a power wheelchair, can move from one place to another independently C6 injury Nerves affect wrist extension.
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